2020 recommendations through the American University of Physicians guidance the dialogue of testosterone treatment in Grownup Guys with age-connected low amounts of testosterone who have sexual dysfunction. They propose yearly analysis pertaining to achievable improvement and, if none, to discontinue testosterone; physicians really should contemplate intramuscular therapies, rather than transdermal solutions, as a result of expenses and since the usefulness and hurt of either strategy is comparable.
层次（鞘膜 · 白膜 · 血管膜） · 附件 · 纵隔 · 小叶 · 隔片 · 莱迪希细胞 · 塞尔托利氏细胞 · 血睾屏障
維持性慾及勃起次數（濫用補充劑可能會導致疼痛性陰莖異常勃起、和性慾亢進）
Testosterone is also converted to estradiol in adipose tissue (and to a lesser extent in Various other tissues), and that is An important source of estrogen in Gentlemen. Additionally, testosterone is interconvertible with androstenedione, which may be converted into estrogens. When androstenedione is formed in adipose tissue, it may be converted to a form of estrogen known as estrone.
If any of those organs — your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or gonads — aren’t Performing Generally, that can cause abnormal testosterone ranges.
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成年男子不论服用或施打多少睾酮都无法再次促使阴茎的成长与发育（相反的，错误的使用激素，将可能造成体内原生激素紊乱，将无法自行生成使睾丸及阴茎萎缩，衍生出其他生殖系统疾病）
Testosterone could also simply exaggerate or amplify present aggression; for instance, chimpanzees who get testosterone raises turn into extra intense to chimps lessen than them inside the social hierarchy, but will however be submissive to chimps larger than them. Testosterone Consequently isn't going to make the chimpanzee indiscriminately aggressive, but alternatively amplifies his pre-current aggression toward decrease-ranked chimps.[129]
睪酮芳構化成雌二醇會對腦及骨這兩個人體重要的組織構成主要的影響。在骨中，雌二醇加速了軟骨成長為骨的過程，使骨端接合及完成生長的程序。在中樞神經中，雌二醇是給予下視丘的主要迴饋訊號，尤其在影響排卵素的分泌。在很多哺乳動物的腦部中，某些性別差異區域在出生前或產期的雄性化，都是受著睪酮所產生的雌二醇影響，決定將來的雄性性行為。
In non-human primates, it might be that testosterone in puberty stimulates sexual arousal, which lets the primate to ever more look for out sexual encounters with females and thus generates a sexual choice for females.
概括地说，雄激素助长蛋白质的合成及拥有雄激素受体的组织的生长，睾酮的效用可以分为合成代谢及雄性化效应。合成代谢效应包括肌肉质量及力量的增长、增加骨质密度及强度、刺激线性生长及骨骼成熟等。雄性化效应则包括性器官的成熟（尤其是阴茎及胎儿阴囊的生成）、出生后（通常是在青春期）声线的转沉、胡须及体毛的生长等。这些效应一般都是男性的第二性征。
Artificial testosterone is the primary drug of masculinizing hormone therapy, which happens to be a gender-affirming procedure that someone AFAB employs to make the secondary intercourse features connected with remaining assigned male at start (AMAB).